{"id":55,"date":"2026-01-07T13:45:54","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T12:45:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/?p=55"},"modified":"2026-01-30T14:58:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T13:58:43","slug":"zakladne-pojmy-o-pc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/zakladne-pojmy-o-pc\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy o PC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u010co je to hardv\u00e9r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Technick\u00e9 vybavenie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, fyzick\u00e9 komponenty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PC sa sklad\u00e1 z troch \u010dast\u00ed &#8211; v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e1 jednotka, vstupn\u00e9 a v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 zariadenia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vo vn\u00fatri po\u010d\u00edta\u010da sa nach\u00e1dza z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 doska (na nej je procesor, pam\u00e4\u0165, roz\u0161iruj\u00face karty, &#8230;), zdroj, pevn\u00e9 disky, chladiace komponenty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 PC z\u00e1vis\u00fd od r\u00fdchlosti procesora, r\u00fdchlosti a ve\u013ekosti pam\u00e4te, pevn\u00fdch diskov, grafickej karty (hlavne pri 3D priestorov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch alebo hr\u00e1ch), priepustnosti zbernice a podobne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hardv\u00e9rov\u00e1 kompatibilita znamen\u00e1 fakt \u010di dan\u00e9 komponenty spolu dok\u00e1\u017eu komunikova\u0165 &#8211; fungova\u0165 (neplat\u00ed to len pre hardv\u00e9r).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010co je to softv\u00e9r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Je to programov\u00e9 vybavenie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Sem patr\u00ed jednak samotn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m a jednak v\u0161etky aplik\u00e1cie, hry, programy. S\u00fa to vlastne nehmotn\u00e9 komponenty na rozdiel od hardv\u00e9ru. Softv\u00e9r a hardv\u00e9r musia existova\u0165 spolu, jedno bez druh\u00e9ho nedok\u00e1\u017ee fungovat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V po\u010d\u00edta\u010di m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nain\u0161talovan\u00fdch viacero programov &#8211; softv\u00e9ru s\u00fa\u010dastne a dokonca mnoh\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu s\u00fa\u010dastne fungova\u0165. Takto sa to deje aj v samotnom opera\u010dnom syst\u00e9me. Je pochopite\u013en\u00e9 \u017ee \u010d\u00edm viac aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed be\u017e\u00ed naraz t\u00fdm je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na hardv\u00e9r a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ktor\u00fd je pre\u0165a\u017een\u00fd funguje pomal\u0161ie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 programov\u00e9 vybavenie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Programov\u00e9 vybavenie sa del\u00ed pod\u013ea \u00fa\u010delu pou\u017eitia. Presn\u00e9 rozdelenie je niekedy ve\u013emi obtia\u017ene, mnoh\u00e9 programy toti\u017e v sebe zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa funkcie z viacer\u00fdch skup\u00edn. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 skupiny s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 rozhranie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aplika\u010dn\u00fd softv\u00e9r<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>preklada\u010de programovac\u00edch jazykov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u010casti po\u010d\u00edta\u010da<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d<\/strong>\u00a0je zariadenie alebo lep\u0161ie povedan\u00e9 stroj na realiz\u00e1ciu v\u00fdpo\u010dtov alebo riadenie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed reprezentovan\u00fdm \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdmi alebo logick\u00fdmi v\u00fdrazmi. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de sa skladaj\u00fa z komponentov ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa presne definovan\u00e9 funkcie. Komplexn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy medzi komponentami d\u00e1vaj\u00fa po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom schopnosti spracov\u00e1va\u0165 inform\u00e1cie.Hoci sa po\u010d\u00edta\u010de od 40-tych rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia dramaticky zmenili, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich pou\u017e\u00edva tzv.\u00a0<strong>von Neumannovu<\/strong>\u00a0architekt\u00faru. Fungovanie je pomerne jednoduch\u00e9. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d je riaden\u00fd hodinov\u00fdm cyklom a ka\u017ed\u00fa oper\u00e1ciu rob\u00edm v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9ho cyklu. Tieto oper\u00e1cie sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa in\u0161trukcie a v dne\u0161n\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou trvaj\u00fa aj viac cyklov ale urobia viac oper\u00e1ci\u00ed naraz. Von Neumannova architekt\u00fara popisuje po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pomocou \u0161tyroch \u010dast\u00ed:\u00a0<strong>aritmeticko-logick\u00e1 jednotka<\/strong>\u00a0(ALU),\u00a0<strong>riadiaca jednotka<\/strong>\u00a0(CPU),\u00a0<strong>pam\u00e4\u0165<\/strong>\u00a0(RAM, ROM, in\u00e9),\u00a0<strong>vstupno-v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 zariadenia<\/strong>\u00a0(IO alebo V\/V). Tieto \u010dasti s\u00fa prepojen\u00e9\u00a0<strong>zbernicou<\/strong>\u00a0a synchronizovan\u00e9\u00a0<strong>hodinami<\/strong>\u00a0(hoci m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 riaden\u00e9 aj in\u00fdmi udalos\u0165ami).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prv\u00fd elektronick\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie &#8211; ENIAC, vyroben\u00fd v roku 1946:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/eniac.jpg\" alt=\"Eniac\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nedosahoval ani z\u010faleka v\u00fdkon \u017eiadneho dne\u0161n\u00e9ho dom\u00e1ceho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Jeho cena v tej dobe bola pribli\u017ene 500 000 dol\u00e1rov, v\u00e1\u017eil 27 ton, zaberal plochu 63 metrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch a spotrebu mal pribli\u017ene 150-180 kW. Dneska by ho bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 cel\u00fd zaintergrova\u0165 do jedin\u00e9ho \u010dipu s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou p\u00e1r milimetrov, frekvenciou jadra 20 MHz a spotrebou 0,5W.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 doska<\/strong>\u00a0m\u00e1 na sebe umiestnen\u00fd procesor, pam\u00e4\u0165 a roz\u0161iruj\u00face karty vstupno-v\u00fdstupn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Jej komponenty s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 preh\u013eadne, navz\u00e1jom prepojen\u00e9 tie\u017e sa na doske nach\u00e1dza nieko\u013eko konektorov na pripojenie \u010fal\u0161\u00edch zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad z\u00e1kladnej dosky pre v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 procesory Intel:\u00a0<strong><strong>MSI MAG Z890 TOMAHAWK WIFI<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"428\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57\" style=\"width:390px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image.png 428w, https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-225x300.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 doska \u2013 Intel Z890, socket Intel 1851, rozmer ATX, 4\u00d7 DDR5, 9200 MHz (OC), 3\u00d7 PCIe x16, 4\u00d7 SATA III, 4\u00d7 M.2, RJ-45 (LAN) 5 Gbps, 4\u00d7 USB 3.2 Gen 2, 4\u00d7 USB 3.2.Gen 1 (USB 3.0), 2\u00d7 Thunderbolt, HDMI 2.1, 7.1 zvukov\u00e1 karta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Procesor<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 jednotka po\u010d\u00edta\u010da t.j. logick\u00fd automat pre spracovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Procesor bez perif\u00e9rnych zariaden\u00ed a bez hlavnej pam\u00e4ti tvor\u00ed srdce a mozog cel\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Procesor do zna\u010dnej miery ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdkon cel\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. B\u00fdva umiestnen\u00fd na z\u00e1kladnej doske a obsahuje r\u00fdchle pam\u00e4\u0165ove\u00e9 bunky &#8211; registre. Dne\u0161n\u00e9 procesory obsahuj\u00fa aj mal\u00fa ale ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlu pam\u00e4\u0165 &#8211; tzv. cache ktor\u00e1 mu sl\u00fa\u017ei na odkladanie medziv\u00fdsledkov a r\u00fdchly pr\u00edstup k nim. Pred rokmi sa za\u010dali aj do dom\u00e1cich po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov montova\u0165 procesory ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa viacej jadier &#8211; inak povedan\u00e9 ako keby bolo viacero procesorov spolu na jednom \u010dipe &#8211; integrovanom obvode. V s\u00fa\u010dastnosti s\u00fa to hlavne dvoj, \u0161tvor a visac jadrov\u00e9 precesory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho procesora s\u00fa\u010dastnosti:\u00a0<strong><strong>Intel Core Ultra 9 285<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-59\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-1.png 375w, https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-1-294x300.png 294w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Procesor 24-jadrov\u00fd, 24 vl\u00e1ken, 5,6 GHz (TDP 182 W), Boost 5,6 GHz, 36 MB L3 cache, Intel Graphics 300 MHz, socket Intel 1851, Arrow Lake<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre dne\u0161n\u00e9 dom\u00e1ce po\u010d\u00edta\u010de prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do \u00favahy procesory od dvoch popredn\u00fdch svetov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov:\u00a0<strong>Intel a AMD<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AMD<\/strong>\u00a0pon\u00faka napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ryzen<\/strong>\u00a0pre stoln\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de s\u00fa postaven\u00e9 na architekt\u00fare Zen 4\u00a0a\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prekon\u00e1vaj\u00fa gener\u00e1cie predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face nielen v\u00fdkonovo, ale aj z\u00a0h\u013eadiska efektivity a\u00a0podpory technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Procesory Ryzen 7000 maj\u00fa 6\u00a0\u2013 16 jadier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ryzen Threadripper<\/strong> a\u00a0Threadripper PRO 7000 radu WX stavaj\u00fa na osved\u010denom v\u00fdkone a\u00a0schopnostiach, aby umelcom, architektom a\u00a0in\u017einierom poskytli bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblastiach. V\u010faka a\u017e 96 vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00fdm jadr\u00e1m (o\u00a040 jadier viac ako pri konkuren\u010dn\u00fdch procesoroch pre pracovn\u00e9 stanice) a\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm maxim\u00e1lnym boost frekvenci\u00e1m naprie\u010d cel\u00fdm modelov\u00fdm radom pom\u00e1haj\u00fa tvoriv\u00fdm profesion\u00e1lom s\u00a0istotou rie\u0161i\u0165 najr\u00f4znej\u0161ie zlo\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 \u00falohy. Threadripper PRO navy\u0161e pon\u00faka neuverite\u013en\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013enos\u0165 v\u010faka 128 link\u00e1m PCIe pre pokro\u010dil\u00e9 konfigur\u00e1cie s\u00a0viacer\u00fdmi grafick\u00fdmi procesormi na tr\u00e9ning, simul\u00e1cie a\u00a0vykres\u013eovanie umelej inteligencie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Intel<\/strong>\u00a0m\u00e1 pre n\u00e1s tieto procesory, niektor\u00e9 maj\u00fa na sebe aj grafick\u00fa kartu, in\u00e9 nie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Core i3, i5, i7 a i9<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00fa z\u00e1stupcami poslednej rady procesorov od tohoto v\u00fdrobcu. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1stupcami s\u00fa procesory z\u00a0rodiny Intel Core, teraz dostupn\u00e9 u\u017e v\u00a014.\u00a0gener\u00e1cii <strong>Raptor Lake Refresh<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Xeon<\/strong> W\u00a0s\u00fa \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 procesory navrhnut\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne pre pracovn\u00e9 stanice a\u00a0profesion\u00e1lne nasadenie. Tieto \u010dipy poskytuj\u00fa vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon a\u00a0spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 pre n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falohy, ako s\u00fa profesion\u00e1lne grafick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, vedeck\u00e9 simul\u00e1cie a\u00a0n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pam\u00e4\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010da<\/strong>&nbsp;sl\u00fa\u017ei na ulo\u017eenie (zaznamenanie) inform\u00e1ci\u00ed ale aj in\u0161trukci\u00ed pre procesor. M\u00f4\u017eu to by\u0165 aj vstupn\u00e9 alebo v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, medziv\u00fdsledky ale aj grafick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie a podobme. Pam\u00e4\u0165 del\u00edme na opera\u010dn\u00fa (vn\u00fatorn\u00fa), zabezpe\u010duje uschovanie \u00fadajov a programov v dobe, kedy po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pracuje a na u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fa (vonkaj\u0161iu), ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei na dlhodob\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vanie \u00fadajov a programov v dobe, kedy je po\u010d\u00edta\u010d vypnut\u00fd.Z fyzik\u00e1lneho h\u013eadiska del\u00edme pam\u00e4te na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pam\u00e4\u0165 RAM<\/strong>\u00a0(Random Access Memory) alebo tie\u017e RWM (Read-Write Memory) &#8211; \u00fadaje m\u00e4\u017eeme \u013eubovo\u013ene zapisova\u0165 aj ich \u010d\u00edta\u0165. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa najm\u00e4 ako opera\u010dn\u00e1 pama\u0165 osobn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da &#8211; PC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pam\u00e4\u0165 ROM<\/strong>\u00a0(Read Only Memory) &#8211; \u00fadaje boli do tejto pam\u00e4te vlo\u017een\u00e9 u\u017e po\u010das v\u00fdroby a m\u00e4\u017eeme z nej iba \u010d\u00edta\u0165.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vonkaj\u0161ia pam\u00e4\u0165<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; rad\u00edme sem najm\u00e4 diskov\u00e9 jednotky; s\u00fa to r\u00f4zne druhy pam\u00e4t\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa mimo po\u010d\u00edta\u010da; pri vonkaj\u0161\u00edch pam\u00e4tiach s\u00fa \u00fadaje ulo\u017een\u00e9 na nosi\u010doch \u00fadajov &#8211; m\u00e9di\u00e1ch. Sem patr\u00ed ja pevn\u00fd disk (harddisk) ktor\u00fd obsahuje ve\u013ek\u00e9 z\u00e1znamov\u00e9 kapacity, dok\u00e1\u017ee pomerne r\u00fdchlo pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 \u00fadaje do pam\u00e4te a naopak. \u00dadaje sa ukladaj\u00fa na magneticky citliv\u00fdch platniach. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa nach\u00e1dza vo vn\u00fatry po\u010d\u00edta\u010da ale rad\u00ed sa medzi vonkaj\u0161ie pam\u00e4te.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad v\u00fdkonnej DDR3 RAM:&nbsp;<strong>CORSAIR DDR3 2048MB 1600MHz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/corsairddr3.jpg\" alt=\"CORSAIR DDR3 2048MB 1600MHz\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch (PC) ale aj v notebookoch sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 tie typy pam\u00e4t\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SDRAM<\/strong>\u00a0(skratka z Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) je polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165. Je druhom dynamickej RAM (DRAM), kde prenosu \u00fadajov predch\u00e1dza z\u00e1pis adresy a nastavenie nasleduj\u00faceho re\u017eimu. Samotn\u00fd prenos \u00fadajov je riaden\u00fd hodinov\u00fdm sign\u00e1lom bez opakovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu adresy. T\u00fdm je umo\u017enen\u00fd z\u00e1pis a \u010d\u00edtanie \u00fadajov v blokoch v\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161ou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DDRAM<\/strong>\u00a0(skratka z Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) pri ktorej sa na rozdiel od star\u0161iho typu SDRAM pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa d\u00e1ta aj po\u010das n\u00e1be\u017enej aj dobe\u017enej hrany jednej peri\u00f3dy hodinov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu ktor\u00fd je pam\u00e4\u0165 taktovan\u00e1 a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom je shopn\u00e1 prenies\u0165 dva kr\u00e1t viac \u00fadaojov za rovnak\u00fd \u010das,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DDRAM2<\/strong>\u00a0(alebo aj DDR2) s\u00fa n\u00e1stupcom predo\u0161l\u00e9ho typu, pracuj\u00fa na vy\u0161\u0161ej frekvencii a je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v p\u00e1roch a vyu\u017ei\u0165 pareleln\u00fd pr\u00edstup do dvoch pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch modulo naraz,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DDRAM3, 4, 5<\/strong>\u00a0(alebo aj DDR3, DDR4, DDR5) na rozdiel od DDR2 pracuj\u00fa na vy\u0161\u0161ej frekvencii, dokonca a\u017e 6400GHz, pr\u00edpadne viac. Aktu\u00e1lne sa stret\u00e1vame len s t\u00fdmito typmi pam\u00e4t\u00ed, star\u0161ie s\u00fa u\u017e len v historick\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed aj pre pam\u00e4te v notebookoch, maj\u00fa ale in\u00e9 prevedenie z d\u00f4vodu \u00faspory priestoru. Plat\u00ed pochopite\u013ene \u017ee rovnako v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 v PC je lacnej\u0161ia ako prevedenie pre notebook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pevn\u00fd disk<\/strong>\u00a0(z angl. hard disk, HD alebo harddisk drive, HDD, predt\u00fdm tie\u017e Winchester) je zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na uchov\u00e1vanie d\u00e1t v po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch ale v s\u00fa\u010dastnosti aj v in\u00fdch pr\u00edstrojoch. D\u00e1ta na pevn\u00fd disk sa zapisuj\u00fa pomocou magnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu, podobne ako na magnetof\u00f3nov\u00fa p\u00e1sku. V\u00fdhodu m\u00e1 hlavne v tom \u017ee d\u00e1ta s\u00fa na \u0148om ulo\u017een\u00e9 natrvalo, teda a\u017e pokia\u013e nie s\u00fa zmazan\u00e9 \u00fa\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom. V\u010faka tejto vlastnosti b\u00fdva pevn\u00fd disk \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00fd aj ako energeticky nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 m\u00e9dium. Ulo\u017een\u00e9 \u00fadaje toti\u017e uchov\u00e1va aj po ukon\u010den\u00ed dod\u00e1vky elektrickej energie. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch a in\u00fdch digit\u00e1lnych zariadeniach, napr\u00edklad digit\u00e1lnych fotoapar\u00e1taoch, DVD rekord\u00e9roch, video kamer\u00e1ch alebo v prehr\u00e1va\u010doch hudby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad vysokokapacitn\u00e9ho pevn\u00e9ho disku:\u00a0<strong>WD Red PRO Int. Disk 16TB 3,5&#8243;, 7200RPM, SATA3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/wd2tb.jpg\" alt=\"Western Digital Green 2000GB 32MB SATA2\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pevn\u00fd 3,5&#8243; disk pre NAS, kapacita 16 TB, vyrovn\u00e1vacia pam\u00e4\u0165 512 MB, rozhranie SATA III (6 Gb\/s), r\u00fdchlos\u0165  7200 ot.\/min., Exkluz\u00edvna NASware 3.0 technol\u00f3gie, ide\u00e1lne pre stredn\u00e9 a\u017e ve\u013ek\u00e9 NAS \u00falo\u017eisko s a\u017e 24 poz\u00edciami, vy\u0161\u0161ia stredn\u00e1 doba medzi chybami (MTBF) a\u017e 1 mili\u00f3n hod\u00edn. Prev\u00e1dzka 24\/7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea\u00a0<strong>form\u00e1tu<\/strong>\u00a0(ide o priemer platn\u00ed ktor\u00fd sa ud\u00e1va v palcoch, 1 palec (z anglick\u00e9ho inch) je pribli\u017ene 2,54 cm) sa pevn\u00e9 disky delia na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1 palcov\u00e9 (1&#8243;) pre miniat\u00farne zariadenia ako napr\u00edklad pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 karty,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1,8 palcov\u00e9 (1,8&#8243;) ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa rozmery pribli\u017ene 54mm x 79mm x 8mm, hmotnos\u0165 cca 60g a kapacitu m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 a\u017e 250GB. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa do mininotebookov ale aj do zariaden\u00fd ako napr\u00edklad iPod,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2,5 palcov\u00e9 (2,5&#8243;) s rozmermi pribli\u017ene 70mm x 100mm x 9,5mm, hmotnos\u0165ou 120g a kapacitou a\u017e 1000GB (1TB). To s\u00fa be\u017en\u00e9 ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v notebookoch,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3,5 palcov\u00e9 (3,5&#8243;) v rozmeroch pribli\u017ene 102mm x 147mm x 26mm, hmostnos\u0165 650g a kapacitou a\u017e 20000GB (20TB). Tak\u00e9to disky s\u00fa dneska najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie v stoln\u00fdch PC ale aj v servroch,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5,25 a viac palcov\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvali v minulosti a dneska ich m\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1js\u0165 takmer v\u00fdlu\u010dne v m\u00faze\u00e1ch, u\u017e sa nevyr\u00e1baj\u00fa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea&nbsp;<strong>rozhrania<\/strong>&nbsp;sa delia na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IDE\/EIDE\/ATA\/ATAPI (z angl. Integrated Drive Electronics) &#8211; paraleln\u00e9 16 bitov\u00e9 rozhranie s prenosou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou od 160 Mbit\/s a\u017e po 1330 Mbit\/s (ATA133 verzia), star\u0161ie stoln\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SATA (z angl. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) &#8211; s\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozhranie s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou od 1500 Mbit\/s (SATA 1.0) cez 3000 Mbit\/s (SATA 2.0) a\u017e 6000 Mbit\/s (SATA 3.0), pou\u017e\u00edva sa s s\u00fa\u010dastn\u00fdch modern\u00fdch stoln\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch ale aj servroch, verzia na pripojenie extern\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, diskov sa vol\u00e1 e-SATA,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) &#8211; paraleln\u00e9 rozhranie ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 nie len pre komunik\u00e1ciu diskov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, r\u00fdchlosti od 40 Mbit\/s a\u017e po 5120 Mbit\/s (Ultra-640 verzia), pou\u017e\u00edva sa hlavne v serverov\u00fdch rie\u0161eniach,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SSA, SAS (Serial-attached SCSI) &#8211; s\u00e9riov\u00e1 verzia SCSI ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pripoji\u0165 a\u017e 16256 zariaden\u00ed na jednu zbernicu (v pr\u00edpade SCSI je maximum 16 zariaden\u00ed), r\u00fdchlosti od 320 Mbit\/s a\u017e po 2400 Mbit\/s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FC-AL (Fibre Channel-Arbitrated Loop) &#8211; optick\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia, zariadenia s\u00fa pripojen\u00e9 do kruhu, pou\u017e\u00edva sa pre rie\u0161enia diskov\u00fdch pol\u00ed, prenosov\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a\u017e 3600 Mbit\/s, je mo\u017en\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 a\u017e 127 zariaden\u00ed na jednu zbernicu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ie podstatn\u00e9 parametre diskov s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>r\u00fdchlos\u0165 ot\u00e1\u010dania,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vyrovn\u00e1vacia pam\u00e4\u0165 (cache),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stredn\u00e1 doba medzi poruchami.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SSD &#8211; modern\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 disky<\/strong> &#8211; SSD disk (Solid State Drive) je modern\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 zariadenie na d\u00e1ta (opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, programy, hry, s\u00fabory), ktor\u00e9 nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne pohybliv\u00e9 \u010dasti. D\u00e1ta uklad\u00e1 do pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch \u010dipov (flash pam\u00e4\u0165) \u2013 podobne ako USB k\u013e\u00fa\u010d, ale ove\u013ea r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako funguje?<br>D\u00e1ta sa zapisuj\u00fa do NAND flash pam\u00e4te. Pr\u00edstup k d\u00e1tam je okam\u017eit\u00fd (\u017eiadne to\u010diace sa platne). Riadenie m\u00e1 na starosti radi\u010d (controller).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 parametre:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kapacita:<\/strong> 250 GB \u2013 8 TB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TBW (\u017eivotnos\u0165):<\/strong> \u010d\u00edm viac, t\u00fdm lep\u0161ie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IOPS:<\/strong> v\u00fdkon pri mal\u00fdch s\u00faboroch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cache (DRAM):<\/strong> v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161uje v\u00fdkon<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Form\u00e1t:<\/strong> 2,5&#8243;, M.2 2280, M.2 2242<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chladenie:<\/strong> d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pri NVMe 4.0\/5.0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Typy pod\u013ea rozhrania:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SATA SSD (2,5&#8243;)<\/strong>, SATA 3 (6 Gb\/s), \u010d\u00edtanie: ~500\u2013550 MB\/s, z\u00e1pis: ~450\u2013520 MB\/s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M.2 SATA SSD<\/strong>, SATA (len in\u00fd fyzick\u00fd form\u00e1t), r\u00fdchlos\u0165 rovnak\u00e1 ako 2,5&#8243; SATA, nejde do NVMe-only M.2 slotu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M.2 NVMe SSD (PCIe)<\/strong>, PCIe 3.0 \/ 4.0 \/ 5.0, r\u00fdchlos\u0165: PCIe 3.0: ~3 500 MB\/s, PCIe 4.0: ~7 000 MB\/s, PCIe 5.0: 10 000+ MB\/s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PCIe SSD (karta do slotu)<\/strong>, workstation, servery, maxim\u00e1lny v\u00fdkon<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extern\u00e9 SSD<\/strong>, USB 3.2 \/ USB-C \/ Thunderbolt, r\u00fdchlos\u0165: 500 \u2013 3 000 MB\/s<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"393\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-64\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-2.png 393w, https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-2-300x243.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>SATA SSD (2,5&#8243;)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"309\" src=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-3.png 400w, https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-3-300x232.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>M.2 SATA SSD<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"404\" height=\"327\" src=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-66\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-4.png 404w, https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-4-300x243.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 404px) 100vw, 404px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>M.2 NVMe SSD (PCIe)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00e9di\u00e1 s Flash pam\u00e4\u0165ou<\/strong>\u00a0sa vyzna\u010duj\u00fa mal\u00fdmi rozmermi a ked\u017ee neobsahuj\u00fa \u017eiadne pohybliv\u00e9 \u010dasti s\u00fa aj ve\u013emi odoln\u00e9 proti po\u0161kodeniu a to halvne p\u00e1dom alebo \u00faderom. V\u010faka tomu patria dneska k\u00a0<strong>najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edm<\/strong>\u00a0na prenos d\u00e1t a v\u010faka neporovnate\u013ene v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej kapacite a n\u00edzkej cene oproti pru\u017en\u00fdm diskom, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e vlastne nahradili. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa vo forme pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch kariet (napr. vo fotoapar\u00e1toch, notebookoch), tzv. USB k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov ale aj Flash pevn\u00fdch diskov (nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa klasick\u00fd pevn\u00fd disk a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zmen\u0161ova\u0165 rozmery notebookov a zni\u017eova\u0165 ich energetick\u00fa n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165). Be\u017en\u00e1 kapacita flash pam\u00e4t\u00ed sa pohybuje od 1GB a\u017e po desiatky a dokonca aj stovky GB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e1 karta s flash pam\u00e4\u0165ou:\u00a0<strong>SanDisk Extreme PRO SD karta, 1 TB, 200 MB\/s, SDXC, UHS-I<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"133\" height=\"181\" src=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>USB k\u013e\u00fa\u010d s flash pam\u00e4\u0165ou:\u00a0<strong>SanDisk Dual Drive Extreme PRO, 2TB, USB-C 3.2 Gen2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"122\" src=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-72\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>K zberniciam patr\u00ed aj\u00a0<strong>USB<\/strong>\u00a0(z anglick\u00e9ho Universal Serial Bus) &#8211; univerz\u00e1lna s\u00e9riov\u00e1 zbernica. Je to \u0161tandard s\u00e9riovej zbernice hlavne na pripojenie extern\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Vyzna\u010duje sa pomerne ve\u013ekou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou (a\u017e 80Gb\/s pri USB 4 verzii 2.0). Je mo\u017en\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 na \u0148u r\u00f4zne zariadenia ako napr\u00edklad: tla\u010diarne, my\u0161i, kl\u00e1vesnice, joysticky, fotoapar\u00e1ty, modemy ale je vhodn\u00e1 pre prenos d\u00e1t z videokamier a pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch kariet, MP3 prehr\u00e1va\u010dov, extern\u00fdch diskov a extern\u00fdch napa\u013eovac\u00edch mechan\u00edk pri\u010dom je tieto zariadenia mo\u017en\u00e9 priamo nap\u00e1ja\u0165 cez t\u00fato zbernicu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/usb.jpg\" alt=\"USB koncovka\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie o USB ako aj o typoch konektorov doporu\u010dujeme pekn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok na\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Univerz%C3%A1lna_s%C3%A9riov%C3%A1_zbernica\">Wikip\u00e9dii<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 karty<\/strong>\u00a0sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa takmer v ka\u017edom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di (v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch s\u00fa integrovan\u00e9 v z\u00e1kladnej doske, hlavne v notebookoch). V be\u017enom osobnom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di sa m\u00f4\u017eeme stretn\u00fa\u0165 s tromi pr\u00eddavn\u00fdmi kartami ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>karta pre vstup a v\u00fdstup ktor\u00e1 ma obvykle s\u00e9riov\u00e9 a paraleln\u00e9 porty:<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"162\" height=\"120\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/serial_paralel.jpg\" alt=\"S\u00e9riovo-paraleln\u00e1 karta\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>grafick\u00e1 karta &#8211; sl\u00fa\u017ei na zobrazenie \u00fadajov na monitore, pr\u00edklad superv\u00fdkonnej grafickej karty HP NVIDIA RTX 4500 Ada 24 GB 4DP Graphics:<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"118\" height=\"84\" class=\"wp-image-75\" style=\"width: 118px;\" src=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ovl\u00e1da\u010d pevn\u00e9ho disku alebo diskov spolu s ovl\u00e1da\u010dom pru\u017en\u00e9ho disku:<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"148\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/sata.jpg\" alt=\"SATA radi\u010d\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ie pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 karty m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>game port &#8211; na pripojenie hrac\u00edch ovl\u00e1da\u010dov, joystickov &#8211; tie sa ale dneska v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou prip\u00e1jaj\u00fa cez USB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sie\u0165ov\u00e1 karta &#8211; na pripojenie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej siete (lok\u00e1lnej &#8211; LAN ale aj bezdr\u00f4tovej &#8211; WiFi):<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"216\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/lan.jpg\" alt=\"Sie\u0165ov\u00e1 karta\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zvukov\u00e1 karta &#8211; reprodukcia zvuku z po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, hlavne multimedi\u00e1lneho (mo\u017eno k nej pripoji\u0165 sluch\u00e1tka, reproduktory, mikrof\u00f3n, zosi\u013eova\u010d a in\u00e9):<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"170\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/sound.jpg\" alt=\"Zvukov\u00e1 karta\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UPS monitorovacia karta &#8211; prepojenie so zdrojom nepretr\u017eit\u00e9ho zdroja nap\u00e1jania<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in\u00e9 karty &#8211; napr. pre ovl\u00e1danie streamera, skenera, faxmodemu &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Star\u0161ie typy m\u00e9di\u00ed, dnes zriedka pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pru\u017en\u00fd disk<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; disketa (po angl. floppy disk) je druh vymenite\u013en\u00e9ho\u00a0<strong>prenosn\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamov\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00a0<strong>magnetick\u00fdm<\/strong>\u00a0z\u00e1znamom. Jedn\u00e1 sa o pru\u017en\u00fd plastov\u00fd kot\u00fa\u010d s magneticku vrstvou ulo\u017een\u00fd v plastovom p\u00fazdre ktor\u00e9 ho chr\u00e1ni pred mechanick\u00fdm po\u0161koden\u00edm.Pr\u00edklad 3,5&#8243; pru\u017en\u00e9ho disku s kapacitou 1,44MB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/floppy.jpg\" alt=\"3,5&quot; pru\u017en\u00e9ho disku s kapacitou 1,44MB\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Optick\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1<\/strong>&nbsp;v s\u00fa\u010dastnosti hlavne CD (Compact disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) a BD (Blu-ray) disky. Existuj\u00fa disky len na \u010d\u00edtanie &#8211; ROM, na jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd z\u00e1pis R (Recordable) a prepisovate\u013en\u00e9 RW (Rewritable). Optick\u00e9 disky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na \u010d\u00edtanie a z\u00e1pis \u00fadajov minuat\u00farne dr\u00e1zky v z\u00e1znamovej vrstve. Na ich \u010d\u00edtanie alebo z\u00e1pis sa pou\u017e\u00edva laser. P\u00f4vodne bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 na optick\u00e9 disky zap\u00edsa\u0165 d\u00e1ta len pri v\u00fdrobe &#8211; lisovan\u00edm, podobne ako v pr\u00edpade LP platn\u00ed. Dneska je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00e1ta na ne zapisova\u0165 aj doma &#8211; tzv. vypa\u013eovanie alebo napa\u013eovanie.Pr\u00edklad jedn\u00e9ho z posledn\u00fdch typov optick\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia &#8211; Bluray &#8211; s kapacitou 25GB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pcsluzba.sk\/images\/bluray.jpg\" alt=\"Bluray\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010co je to hardv\u00e9r? \u010co je to softv\u00e9r? Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 programov\u00e9 vybavenie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da Programov\u00e9 vybavenie sa del\u00ed pod\u013ea \u00fa\u010delu pou\u017eitia. Presn\u00e9 rozdelenie je niekedy ve\u013emi obtia\u017ene, mnoh\u00e9 programy toti\u017e v sebe zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa funkcie z viacer\u00fdch skup\u00edn. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 skupiny s\u00fa: \u010casti po\u010d\u00edta\u010da Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00a0je zariadenie alebo lep\u0161ie povedan\u00e9 stroj na realiz\u00e1ciu v\u00fdpo\u010dtov alebo riadenie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed reprezentovan\u00fdm \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdmi alebo &#8230; <a title=\"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy o PC\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/zakladne-pojmy-o-pc\/\" aria-label=\"Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si viac o Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pojmy o PC\">\u010c\u00edta\u0165 viac<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informacie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76,"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55\/revisions\/76"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcsluzba.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}